{"title":"PolyRef™ Nanoplastic Standards","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePolyRef™ Nanoplastic Standards\u003c\/strong\u003e are sub-200 nm true-spherical polymer nanoparticles manufactured for the fast-growing field of nanoplastic environmental health, toxicology, and nano-bio interface research.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eNanoplastics — plastic particles below 1 μm, particularly those under 200 nm — are the smallest size class of plastic pollutants and are uniquely capable of crossing biological barriers. They represent a major research frontier supported by NIH, NSF, and EPA funding initiatives.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eRIGOR Science is one of the few global suppliers of true-spherical PET nanoplastics in the 50–100 nm range, with batch-specific FTIR, SEM, and DLS characterization. Additional polymer materials (PS, PMMA, LDPE, PP, PVC nanospheres) are in development.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eCommon applications: nano-bio interface studies, cell uptake and biological barrier crossing experiments, nanoplastic toxicology, bottled water nanoplastic spiking standards, advanced FTIR\/Raman reference for sub-100 nm samples.\u003c\/p\u003e","products":[{"product_id":"pet-microspheres","title":"PET Microspheres – Polyethylene Terephthalate Reference Standard | PolyRef™","description":"\u003ch3\u003eProduct Overview\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePolyRef™ PET Microspheres\u003c\/strong\u003e are true-spherical polyethylene terephthalate particles manufactured by RIGOR Science across the full nano-to-micron range. From sub-100 nm nanoplastic reference particles to micron-scale environmental microplastic models, each grade is verified by SEM, FTIR, and DLS with batch-specific COAs.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTrue-spherical submicron PET — particularly in the sub-200 nm range — is one of the most difficult polymer reference materials to produce. PET's high crystallinity, low solubility, and slow recrystallization kinetics make it resistant to conventional emulsion methods. RIGOR Science has developed a proprietary solvent-exchange and emulsion-evaporation process that yields true spherical particles from 50 nm to 1 μm, retaining the authentic chemical structure of commercial PET feedstock.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWhy PET Reference Standards?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMajor bottled water and food contact pollutant.\u003c\/strong\u003e PET is the dominant polymer in beverage bottles and food packaging. The 2024 study identifying ~240,000 nanoplastic particles per liter in bottled water — predominantly PET — has made PET nanoplastic standards critical for environmental health research.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDistinct FTIR signature.\u003c\/strong\u003e Strong carbonyl band at 1715 cm⁻¹, plus aromatic ester bands at 1240 cm⁻¹ and benzene ring at 720 cm⁻¹ — clearly distinguishing PET from PE, PP, PVC, and PS in mixed microplastic spectral identification.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eHigh-density sinking behavior.\u003c\/strong\u003e PET's density (~1.38 g\/cm³) drives sedimentation in aquatic systems, making it essential for sediment microplastic transport, settling kinetics, and freshwater bottom-layer studies — a behavior LDPE\/PP microspheres cannot replicate.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSub-200 nm rarity.\u003c\/strong\u003e Commercial submicron true-spherical PET is essentially absent from the global market. Most \"PET microparticles\" from suppliers are ground fragments at micron scale. RIGOR Science is one of the few sources of monodisperse PET nanospheres in the 50–150 nm range.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCritical for toxicology research.\u003c\/strong\u003e PET is a regulated polymer in food-contact migration studies. Well-characterized PET reference particles enable controlled exposure experiments, antimony leachate studies, and recycled-PET migration validation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eTwo Research Use Cases — Different Size Ranges\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eNanoplastic Research (50–150 nm)\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNano-bio interface and biological barrier crossing studies\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCell uptake and nanoplastic toxicology\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBottled water nanoplastic spiking and quantification standards\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSub-100 nm FTIR \/ Raman reference materials\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNIH \/ NSF \/ EPA-funded nanoplastic environmental health research\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eMicroplastic Research (200 nm – 5 μm)\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFTIR \/ Raman spectral identification reference\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSediment microplastic transport (PET density 1.38 g\/cm³, sinks)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWastewater and food packaging migration studies\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRecycled-PET (rPET) leachate and migration validation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSettling kinetics and density-based separation method development\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSpecifications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"8\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMaterial\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePolyethylene Terephthalate (PET) — commercial-grade feedstock\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCAS No.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e25038-59-9\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eChemical Formula\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e(C₁₀H₈O₄)ₙ\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eParticle Size Range\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e50 nm, 80 nm, 100 nm, 120 nm, 150 nm, 200 nm (custom up to 5 μm available)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMorphology\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTrue spherical, clean surface, free of aggregates\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSize Uniformity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCV ≤ 20% (50–150nm); CV ≤ 30% (200 nm and above); PDI \u0026lt; 0.20\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDensity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e~1.38 g\/cm³ (sinks in water; ideal for sediment and bottom-layer studies)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRefractive Index\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e~1.66\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDispersion\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eUltrapure water — surfactant-free, suitable for direct cell exposure\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConcentration\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e5 mg\/mL or 10 mg\/mL\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePackage Size\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e10 mL (custom volumes on request)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStorage\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2–8 °C, protect from light; do not freeze\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eShelf Life\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e36 months at 4 °C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCharacterization\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eFT-IR, SEM, DLS,  batch-specific COA included\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWhat Makes PolyRef™ PET Different\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e100% commercial PET feedstock\u003c\/strong\u003e — retains authentic PET chemical structure verifiable by FT-IR, DLS, and Zeta potential measurements.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSurfactant-free aqueous suspension\u003c\/strong\u003e — dispersed in ultrapure water without SDS or other stabilizers, eliminating background interference in toxicology and FTIR studies.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eHigh monodispersity\u003c\/strong\u003e — PDI \u0026lt; 0.20, high sphericity, suitable as analytical reference standard.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eStable single-particle dispersion\u003c\/strong\u003e — no aggregation in storage; ready to use after gentle vortexing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eNot Recommended For\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eApplications requiring fluorescent labeling without additional surface modification; high-ionic-strength aqueous buffers that may cause aggregation (consult for buffer compatibility). For amino-, carboxyl-, or fluorescent-functionalized PET nanospheres, please contact us.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eQuality Documentation\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEach shipment includes a batch-specific Certificate of Analysis (COA) with SEM images, FTIR spectrum (highlighting 1715 \/ 1240 \/ 720 cm⁻¹ characteristic peaks), DLS size distribution, and Zeta potential data. Raw-material XPS reference data available on request for batch verification.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSub-micron grades (100–200 nm) are characterized by DLS; micron grades (≥1 μm) are characterized by laser diffraction \/ optical microscopy. Representative data shown; see COA for lot-specific values.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"RIGOR Science","offers":[{"title":"50nm \/ 5mg\/ml","offer_id":47653673533603,"sku":"PET01005","price":159.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"50nm \/ 10mg\/ml","offer_id":47653673566371,"sku":"PET01006","price":239.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100nm \/ 5mg\/ml","offer_id":47653673599139,"sku":"PET01007","price":139.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100nm \/ 10mg\/ml","offer_id":47653673631907,"sku":"PET01008","price":219.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0755\/0854\/7747\/files\/3_m003.jpg?v=1775906837"},{"product_id":"ldpe-microspheres-low-density-polyethylene-microplastic-reference-standard-polyref™","title":"LDPE Microspheres – Low-Density Polyethylene Microplastic Reference Standard | PolyRef™","description":"\u003ch3\u003eProduct Overview\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePolyRef™ LDPE Microspheres\u003c\/strong\u003e are research-grade Low-Density Polyethylene microspheres manufactured by RIGOR Science using proprietary synthesis routes from high-purity commercial LDPE feedstock. Submicron, true-spherical LDPE particles have long been a gap in commercial supply — LDPE's high branching and low melting point make spherical morphology far harder to achieve than for PS, PMMA, or other common polymers.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEach batch retains the characteristic chemical structure of LDPE (FTIR branched methyl peak at ~1378 cm⁻¹) and is verified by FT-IR, SEM, and DLS. Particles are clean-surfaced, fully spherical, and free from debris or aggregation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWhy LDPE?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDominant marine microplastic type.\u003c\/strong\u003e LDPE accounts for ~30–40% of surface marine microplastic pollution — packaging films, agricultural mulch, single-use bags.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSubmicron supply is scarce.\u003c\/strong\u003e While HDPE microspheres are commercially available (e.g., Cospheric), submicron true-spherical LDPE microspheres remain rare globally.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCloser to real environmental microplastics.\u003c\/strong\u003e LDPE's branched structure and lower crystallinity better mimic weathered marine microplastics than HDPE.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePreferred for UV-aging studies.\u003c\/strong\u003e LDPE undergoes photo-oxidative degradation more readily than HDPE — the standard model for plastic environmental aging research.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSpecifications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"8\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMaterial\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eLow-Density Polyethylene (LDPE)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCAS No.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e9002-88-4\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eChemical Formula\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e(C₂H₄)ₙ\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eParticle Size\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e~200 nm and ~500 nm (custom sizes available)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMorphology\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTrue spherical, clean surface, free of aggregates\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePDI (DLS)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e~0.16\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDensity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0.92–0.94 g\/cm³ (floats in water; vortex before use)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDispersion\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAqueous suspension with 0.1% SDS as stabilizer\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConcentration\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e5 mg\/mL or 10 mg\/mL\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePackage Size\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e10 mL (custom volumes on request)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStorage\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2–8 °C, protect from light; do not freeze\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eShelf Life\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e12 months at 4 °C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCharacterization\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eFT-IR, SEM, DLS; batch-specific COA included\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eApplications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMicroplastic identification and FTIR\/Raman method development\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSolid-phase adsorption and partition studies\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFiltration membrane performance evaluation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMarine microplastic simulation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUV \/ photo-aging and weathering studies\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEnvironmental fate and transport research\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eNot Recommended For\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDirect cell toxicity assays without prior dialysis to remove SDS surfactant. For surfactant-free or custom-stabilized versions, please contact us.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eQuality Documentation\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEach shipment includes a batch-specific Certificate of Analysis (COA) with SEM images, FTIR spectrum, and DLS size distribution. Raw-material FTIR reference spectra available on request for batch verification.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSub-micron grades (100–200 nm) are characterized by DLS; micron grades (≥1 μm) are characterized by laser diffraction \/ optical microscopy. Representative data shown; see COA for lot-specific values.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"RIGOR science","offers":[{"title":"200nm → 5 mg\/mL","offer_id":47645824843939,"sku":null,"price":149.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"200nm → 10 mg\/mL","offer_id":47645824876707,"sku":null,"price":229.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"500nm → 10 mg\/mL","offer_id":47645824909475,"sku":null,"price":129.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"500nm → 5 mg\/mL","offer_id":47645824942243,"sku":null,"price":199.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0755\/0854\/7747\/files\/2_m003.jpg?v=1778489499"},{"product_id":"pvc-microspheres-polyvinyl-chloride-microplastic-reference-standard-polyref™","title":"PVC Microspheres – Polyvinyl Chloride Microplastic Reference Standard | PolyRef™","description":"\u003ch3\u003eProduct Overview\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePolyRef™ PVC Microspheres\u003c\/strong\u003e are research-grade Polyvinyl Chloride microspheres manufactured by RIGOR Science using proprietary synthesis routes from commercial PVC feedstock. True-spherical PVC particles in the submicron-to-micron range fill a long-standing gap in the microplastic reference materials market — commercial PVC microspheres are typically produced by grinding, yielding irregular fragments that fail to mimic real environmental microplastic morphology.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEach batch retains the characteristic chemical structure of PVC (FTIR C–Cl stretching band at 600–700 cm⁻¹) and is verified by FT-IR, SEM, and DLS. Particles are clean-surfaced, fully spherical, and free from debris or aggregation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWhy PVC?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMajor environmental microplastic source.\u003c\/strong\u003e PVC is the third most produced plastic globally — construction materials, pipes, packaging, medical devices, and cables. PVC microplastics are increasingly detected in soil, freshwater, and sediment samples.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSubmicron true-spherical PVC is scarce.\u003c\/strong\u003e Most commercial \"PVC microparticles\" are ground fragments. Submicron true-spherical PVC remains rare globally, with limited suppliers (e.g., Cospheric) typically offering only micron-scale products.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eHigh-density sinking behavior.\u003c\/strong\u003e PVC's density (~1.38 g\/cm³) makes it ideal for sediment microplastic studies, settling kinetics, and freshwater\/marine bottom-layer simulation — a behavior LDPE\/PE\/PP microspheres cannot replicate.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDistinct FTIR\/Raman signature.\u003c\/strong\u003e The strong C–Cl stretching band makes PVC easily distinguishable in spectral identification of mixed microplastic samples.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCritical for toxicology research.\u003c\/strong\u003e PVC leachates (phthalates, residual VCM) are an active toxicology concern — well-characterized PVC microspheres enable controlled exposure studies.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSpecifications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"8\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMaterial\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePolyvinyl Chloride (PVC)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCAS No.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e9002-86-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eChemical Formula\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e(C₂H₃Cl)ₙ\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eParticle Size\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e~300 nm and ~500 nm (custom sizes available)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMorphology\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTrue spherical, clean surface, free of aggregates\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDensity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e~1.38 g\/cm³ (sinks in water; ideal for sediment and bottom-layer studies)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDispersion\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAqueous suspension with 0.01% SDS as stabilizer\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConcentration\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e5 mg\/mL or 10 mg\/mL\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePackage Size\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e10 mL (custom volumes on request)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStorage\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2–8 °C, protect from light; do not freeze\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eShelf Life\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e36 months at 4 °C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCharacterization\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eFT-IR, SEM, DLS; batch-specific COA included\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eApplications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMicroplastic identification by FTIR \/ Raman \/ Py-GC-MS\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSediment and bottom-layer microplastic transport studies\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSettling kinetics and density-based separation method development\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSoil and freshwater microplastic environmental fate research\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDrinking water, seawater, and wastewater microplastic quantification standards\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEcotoxicology studies (aquatic organisms, soil microbiota, plant uptake)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSpectral library construction and quality control reference\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eNot Recommended For\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDirect cell toxicity assays without prior dialysis to remove SDS surfactant. For surfactant-free or custom-stabilized versions, please contact us.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eQuality Documentation\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEach shipment includes a batch-specific Certificate of Analysis (COA) with SEM images, FTIR spectrum, and DLS size distribution. Raw-material FTIR reference spectra available on request for batch verification.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSub-micron grades (100–200 nm) are characterized by DLS; micron grades (≥1 μm) are characterized by laser diffraction \/ optical microscopy. Representative data shown; see COA for lot-specific values.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"RIGOR Science","offers":[{"title":"300 nm × 5 mg\/mL × 10 mL","offer_id":47646101799075,"sku":null,"price":139.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"300 nm × 10 mg\/mL × 10 mL","offer_id":47646101831843,"sku":null,"price":219.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"500 nm × 5 mg\/mL × 10 mL","offer_id":47646101864611,"sku":null,"price":129.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"500 nm × 10 mg\/mL × 10 mL","offer_id":47646101897379,"sku":null,"price":199.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0755\/0854\/7747\/files\/1_m007_0c3ae676-bb44-4902-8fab-2f7d8be95519.jpg?v=1778503502"},{"product_id":"pp-microspheres-polypropylene-microplastic-reference-standard-polyref™","title":"PP Microspheres – Polypropylene Microplastic Reference Standard | PolyRef™","description":"\u003ch3\u003eProduct Overview\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePolyRef™ PP Microspheres\u003c\/strong\u003e are research-grade Polypropylene microspheres manufactured by RIGOR Science from commercial PP feedstock. True-spherical submicron PP particles fill a long-standing gap in microplastic reference materials — most commercial PP particles are mechanically ground fragments or limited to micron-scale ranges.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEach batch retains the characteristic chemical structure of PP, with strong FTIR methyl bands at 1376 and 1458 cm⁻¹ — the diagnostic signature that distinguishes PP from polyethylene in mixed microplastic spectral analysis. Particles are verified by FT-IR, SEM, and DLS, and are clean-surfaced, fully spherical, and free from debris.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWhy PP?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eThe world's second-largest plastic by production.\u003c\/strong\u003e ~20–25% of global plastic output. Packaging films, medical devices (syringes, petri dishes, IV bags), automotive interiors, ropes\/fishing nets, and nonwoven fabrics.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eThe \"mask microplastic\" of the post-pandemic era.\u003c\/strong\u003e Disposable masks, surgical gowns, and wipes are predominantly PP nonwoven — making PP one of the most rapidly emerging microplastic pollutants in indoor air, wastewater, and surface water since 2020.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLowest-density common microplastic (0.90 g\/cm³).\u003c\/strong\u003e Floats more buoyantly than LDPE — ideal for sea-surface microplastic transport, neuston-layer studies, and surface skim sampling simulation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDiagnostic FTIR signature.\u003c\/strong\u003e Strong methyl bands at 1376 and 1458 cm⁻¹ (one CH₃ per monomer) unambiguously distinguish PP from PE in mixed-polymer spectral identification — a frequent challenge in environmental sample analysis.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eStandard model for UV photo-oxidative aging.\u003c\/strong\u003e PP's tertiary C–H bond is the most susceptible to photo-oxidation among common plastics. PP microspheres are widely used as model systems for plastic weathering, carbonyl-index measurement, and aged-microplastic toxicology research.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSubmicron true-spherical PP is rare commercially.\u003c\/strong\u003e Most \"PP microparticles\" from suppliers like Cospheric are micron-scale only; submicron PP at controlled morphology is essentially absent from the commercial market.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSpecifications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"8\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMaterial\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePolypropylene (PP) — isotactic, from commercial feedstock\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCAS No.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e9003-07-0\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eChemical Formula\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e(C₃H₆)ₙ\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eParticle Size\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e~300 nm、~500nm (other sizes available on request)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMorphology\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTrue spherical, clean surface, free of aggregates\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDensity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e~0.90 g\/cm³ (floats in water — most buoyant common microplastic; vortex before use)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCrystallinity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSemi-crystalline (~50–60%)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDispersion\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAqueous suspension with 0.01% SDS as stabilizer\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConcentration\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e5 mg\/mL or 10 mg\/mL\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePackage Size\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e10 mL (custom volumes on request)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStorage\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2–8 °C, protect from light; do not freeze\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eShelf Life\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e36 months at 4 °C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCharacterization\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eFT-IR, SEM, DLS; batch-specific COA included\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eApplications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMicroplastic identification by FTIR \/ Raman \/ Py-GC-MS\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSea-surface and neuston-layer microplastic transport studies\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMask, nonwoven, and medical-device microplastic source attribution\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIndoor air and ventilation microplastic monitoring standards\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUV photo-oxidation and weathering studies (PP is the standard aging model)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCarbonyl-index method development for plastic degradation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFood packaging migration and contact-material microplastic studies\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEcotoxicology — aquatic organism exposure, soil microbiota\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSpectral library construction and FTIR reference for differentiating PP from PE\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eNot Recommended For\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDirect cell toxicity assays without prior dialysis to remove SDS surfactant. For surfactant-free or custom-stabilized versions, please contact us.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eQuality Documentation\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEach shipment includes a batch-specific Certificate of Analysis (COA) with SEM images,\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFTIR spectrum (highlighting the 1376\/1458 cm⁻¹ methyl bands), and DLS size distribution. Raw-material FTIR reference spectra available on request for batch verification.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSub-micron grades (100–200 nm) are characterized by DLS; micron grades (≥1 μm) are characterized by laser diffraction \/ optical microscopy. Representative data shown; see COA for lot-specific values.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"RIGOR Science","offers":[{"title":"300nm-5 mg\/mL × 10 mL","offer_id":47648694272163,"sku":null,"price":139.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"300nm-10 mg\/mL × 10 mL","offer_id":47648694304931,"sku":null,"price":219.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0755\/0854\/7747\/files\/4_m002.jpg?v=1778562974"}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0755\/0854\/7747\/collections\/3_m003.jpg?v=1778668705","url":"https:\/\/rigorsci.com\/collections\/nanoplastic-standards.oembed","provider":"RIGOR science","version":"1.0","type":"link"}